Fifth generation (5G) edge application authentication

ABSTRACT

A method for edge network authentication and access, implemented by an edge server, including receiving user equipment (UE) information from an application client executed on a UE to establish a connection between the edge server and the UE, verifying whether the UE has authorization to the local access point name (APN) based on the UE information, generating a session key when the UE has authorization to the local APN, sending the session key to the UE, receiving a request to access content of an application on a content server from the UE, decrypting the information to obtain a key, comparing the key with the application key to validate the UE, verifying identifiers of the UE when the UE is valid, identifying the application on the content server to obtain the content based on the request, encrypting and sending a session identifier to the UE based on a new application key.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of and claims priority under 35U.S.C. § 120 to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/074,581 filed onOct. 19, 2020, entitled “Fifth Generation (5G) Edge ApplicationAuthentication” by Marouane Balmakhtar, et al., which is incorporatedherein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

Not applicable.

REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX

Not applicable.

BACKGROUND

Applications on mobile communication devices directly communicate with acentral server to request access to information, services, and content.The wireless communication devices establish a connection to a networkand identify a domain name system (DNS) address of the central server.The central server authenticates clients prior to allowing the mobilecommunication devices access. The wireless communication devices mayidentify themselves to the central server with information specific tothe wireless communication devices such as the international mobilesubscriber identity (IMSI) and the media access control (MAC)identifier. When the request reaches the central server, the centralserver authenticates the information by comparing the information of thewireless communication devices to a database. The central serverdirectly sends the information, services, and content to the mobilecommunication devices.

SUMMARY

In an embodiment, a method for edge network authentication and access,implemented by an edge server, including receiving user equipment (UE)information from an application client executed on a UE to establish aconnection between the edge server and the UE, wherein the UEinformation includes unique attribute information based on the UE, andwherein the edge server is located at a local access point name (APN),verifying whether the UE has authorization to the local APN based on theUE information, generating a session key when the UE has authorizationto the local APN, wherein the session key comprises an application keythat validates the connection between the edge server and the UE,sending the session key to the UE, receiving a request to access contentof an application on a content server from the UE, wherein the requestcomprises encrypted information based on the application key, decryptingthe encrypted information of the request to obtain a key, comparing thekey with the application key to validate the UE, verifying a pluralityof identifiers of the UE when the UE is valid, identifying theapplication on the content server to obtain the content based on therequest, encrypting and sending a session identifier to the UE based ona new application key, and serving the content from an instance of theapplication on the content server to the UE according to the sessionidentifier.

In another embodiment, an edge server, including at least one processor,a non-transitory memory, and an edge server application stored in thenon-transitory memory that, when executed by the at least one processorreceives user equipment (UE) information from an application client onUE to establish a connection between the edge server and the UE, whereinthe UE information includes attribute information based on the UE, andwherein the edge server is located at a local access point name (APN),verifies whether the UE has authorization to the local APN based on theUE information, generates a session key when the UE has authorization tothe local APN, wherein the session key comprises an application key thatvalidates the connection between the edge server and the UE, sends thesession key to the UE, receives a request to access content of anapplication on a content server from the UE, wherein the requestcomprises encrypted information based on the application key, decryptsthe encrypted information of the request to obtain a key, compares thekey with the application key to validate the UE, verify a plurality ofidentifiers of the UE when the UE is valid, identifies the applicationon the content server to obtain the content based on the request,encrypts and sending a session identifier to the UE based on a newapplication key, and serves the content from an instance of theapplication on the content server through to the UE according to thesession identifier.

In yet another embodiment, user equipment (UE) for edge authenticationand access, including a processor, and a non-transitory memorycomprising instructions that, when executed by a processor authenticatethat an application client on the UE has authorization to a networkbased on a status of the application client, send UE information from anapplication client on the UE to an edge server to establish a connectionover the network between the UE and the edge server, wherein the UEinformation includes attribute information based on the UE, and whereinthe edge server is located at a local access point name (APN), receive asession key from the edge server based on the application client,wherein the session key comprises an application key, encryptinformation in a request to access content of an instance of theapplication on a content server from the UE, wherein encryption is basedon the application key, send the request to the edge serve, receive asession identifier comprising a new application key, verify the newapplication key is valid with the application client, and receive thecontent of the instance of the application on the content server fromthe edge server according to the session identifier.

These and other features will be more clearly understood from thefollowing detailed description taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, referenceis now made to the following brief description, taken in connection withthe accompanying drawings and detailed description, wherein likereference numerals represent like parts.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 2A is a flow chart of a method according to an embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 2B is a continuation of the flow chart of a method according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 3 is a flow chart of UE according to an embodiment of thedisclosure.

FIG. 4A is a block diagram of a communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 4B is a block diagram of a communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a communication system according to anembodiment of the disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

It should be understood at the outset that although illustrativeimplementations of one or more embodiments are illustrated below, thedisclosed systems and methods may be implemented using any number oftechniques, whether currently known or not yet in existence. Thedisclosure should in no way be limited to the illustrativeimplementations, drawings, and techniques illustrated below, but may bemodified within the scope of the appended claims along with their fullscope of equivalents.

Fifth generation (5G) wireless proposes to provide close to ubiquitousand instantaneous access to unlimited bandwidth, which will require highperformance demands on the network. To provide these performancecharacteristics, it is anticipated that applications will need to dependheavily on edge computing by providing application servers physicallyproximate to end users (near the “edge” of the radio access network). Inthis scenario, there are expected to be tens, hundreds, perhaps eventhousands of application servers proximate to the network edge. This canprovide increased performance characteristics but poses a securitychallenge. Mobile network operators (MNOs) will charge fees to thirdparties for using application servers for their edge services, and assuch the third party applications will need to exclude free-loaders suchas applications operating on edge servers without being charged fees.Where an MNO provides wireless communications services and owns orcontrols all the elements necessary to sell and deliver services to anend user including radio spectrum allocation. The third partyapplications will need to rigorously authorize user access to theirapplications to monetize their application service to pay for the edgecommunication functionality.

Having user devices, e.g. UE, complete authorization transactions in thecustomary manner, such as reaching back to a server in the network coreand having the server reach out to a backend database, does not supportthe high performance requirements of 5G. The authorization could be doneat the edge by copying the subscription database out to databaseslocated at the network edge, but this creates undesirable datasynchronization problems and more importantly dramatically increases thenumber of locations vulnerable to malicious attacks.

The present disclosure proposes the edge server to create applicationkeys for the UE to access content from a content application on acontent server. When the edge server (in proxy for the MNO) creates asession key for the UE to gain access to the mobile network, the edgeserver also includes an application key which is contained within thesession key. The UE uses the application key when it creates its ownsession keys. The application key may be a security token to access anapplication service from an edge server. A security token is used togain access to an electronically restricted resource and may be used inaddition to or in place of a password. In an embodiment, the UE may usean access and mobility management function (AMF) for generating theapplication key. The AMF is responsible for registration management,connection management, reachability management, mobility management andvarious functions relating to security and access management andauthorization. When the UE attempts to obtain a communication sessionwith the edge server, the UE presents its keys—which include the sessionkey with the application key contained within it. If the key from the UEmatches the key of the edge server, the UE is an authorized UE—not justauthorized to access the radio access network but also to the contentapplication on the content server. In some embodiments, this process maybe accomplished in two steps, in the first step the session key isauthenticated to enable network access and in the second step theapplication key is authenticated to authorize access to the relevantapplication. Further, this methodology may be applied to any number ofapplications.

Edge authentication and access may provide opportunities for MNOs togain a competitive advantage. For example, MNOs with established celltowers can use the subscription data of their users to quicklyauthenticate the users for particular applications on their mobilephones, which would be a competitive advantage to influence third partyapplication owners to launch applications on the MNO's network. As aspecific example, the local network may become flooded during a sportsevent where many users are streaming applications on their mobilephones. The MNO of the local network may use the presently disclosededge computing deployment to deliver a high user experience whileproviding more robust and convenient security to ensure user and networksecurity. Ultimately, it is advantageous to establish authorizeapplication access at the edge of the radio network because it isinefficient for UEs to directly communicate with back-end centralservers and repetitiously authenticate its identity when accessingapplication services.

Edge authentication and access may also provide simpler networklogistics for the application servers by shortening the normaloperational path for the applications interacting with the UE residingon the application server at, or near, the edge. Instead of theapplication server regularly having to seek authentication orconfirmation from the central servers—the application server also canshort cut that process using the leveraged keys. In an embodiment, theapplication server may need periodic checks to confirm a given set ofkeys are valid, which might be a small risk that a longer verificationprocess to propagate through the system. As a result of the edgeauthentication and access, the much more efficient response paths shouldboth reduce the processing load on the application servers checking forboth issues and the bandwidth occupied to the central servers on suchchecks.

In FIG. 1 , a system 100 is described. In the system 100, UE 102authenticates an application client 114 based on characteristics of theapplication client 114 such as version number, an identifier, and/or thelike. The UE 102 is one of a mobile phone, a smart phone, a personaldigital assistant (PDA), a wearable computer, a headset computer, amedia player, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, or a tabletcomputer.

The UE 102 may comprise a central processing unit (CPU) 104, a memory106, a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) 108, an embeddedsubscriber identity module (eSIM) profile 110, a cellular radiotransceiver 112, application client 114, and an antenna 116. The UICC108 comprises the eSIM profile 110. The eSIM profile 110 may comprisedata including credentials such as confidential and encryption keys,that are used to establish a wireless link with the wireless network.The UE 102 communicates with a cell tower 118 through the antenna 116.The cell tower 118 may provide a wireless communication link to thecellular radio transceiver 112 according to various wireless protocolssuch as 5G, long term evolution (LTE), code division multiple access(CDMA), and global system for mobile communication (GSM). Afterauthenticating the UE 102, the network authorizes communication with theUE 102. In turn, the cell tower 118 facilitates communication betweenthe UE 102 and a network 120. The network 120 may include over-the-air(OTA) provisioning for initial or ongoing configuration, distribution ofnew software, or other provisioning of the UE 102. In this embodiment,the network 120 is localized to the region encompassing the UE 102 andso the network 120 comprises an edge of serviceability where an edgeserver 122 facilitates communication between the UE 102 and the contentserver 130.

The application client 114 is a computer application on the UE 102 thatsupports functionality of the UE 102 for an end user, for example, theapplication client 114 may be, for example, a streaming media service orother user applications whereby third party content is delivered to theuser of the UE 102. Additionally, in an embodiment, an authenticationserver function (AUSF) may act as an authentication server for theapplication client 114. Further, in an embodiment, the UE 102 may relyupon a unified data management (UDM) to be responsible for creatingauthentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identificationhandling, access authorization, and subscription management.

The edge server application 124 is a computer application on the edgeserver 122 associated with the application client 114 that supports thefunctionality of the UE 102 by providing services and information to theUE 102. The edge server 122 may be a computer server, the details ofwhich are discussed further below. For example, the edge serverapplication 124 may provide streaming services to the application client114 on the UE 102.

The edge server 122 receives information from the UE 102 and determineswhether the UE 102 has access to the specific local APN where the edgeserver 122 is located, and if so, the edge server 122 furtherauthenticates whether the UE 102 has access to the edge server 122. Forexample, in an embodiment, the information from the UE 102 may includean Internet Protocol (IP) address of the UE. And in another example, inanother embodiment, access to the edge server 122 may require a specificsubscription associated with the UE 102, where an owner of theapplication client 114 may require edge access to distribute content ata higher bandwidth for the respective users of the application client114. In another embodiment, the local APN may be a Data Network Name(DNN), where a DNN is a reference to a data network and may be used toselect network functions. The edge server 122 verifies the identity ofthe UE 102 with a database 126 comprising user and subscriptioninformation. Verification may occur when the edge server 122 comparesthe identity of the UE 102 with the subscription information in thedatabase 126. When the edge server 122 verifies that the UE 102 hasaccess, then the edge server 122 generates and sends a session keycomprising an application key corresponding to the application client114. The application key is used by the edge server 122 ultimately toauthenticate the UE 102. The UE 102 receives the session key and parsesthe information of the session key to obtain the application key. The UE102 encrypts, based on the application key, a request that identifiesthe application client 114, the UE 102, and the content to be accessedfrom the content server 130. The request may include a HypertextTransfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) Uniform Resource Locator (URL)comprising the IP address in the information from the UE 102. The UE 102sends the request to the edge server 122. The edge server 122 receives arequest from the UE 102 and decrypts the request and obtains a key. Theedge server 122 compares the key from the request to the application keyoriginally sent to the UE 102 to validate whether the UE 102 can accessthe edge server 122. When the edge server 122 determines that the keyfrom the request is correct, it then establishes communication with thecontent server 130 and sends the content server 130 the application keyto access the content being requested. The content server 130 may be acomputer server, the details of which are discussed further below. Thecontent server 130 verifies the application key with a database 128 tofurther authenticate whether the UE 102 has access to the content server130 based on the information provided by the edge server 122. Thecontent server 130 comprises a content application 132 which pullscontent from the database 128, where the content is being requested bythe UE 102, and sends the content to the edge server 122. The contentserver 130 may be operated by the MNO or a third party, and runs thethird party applications and content consumed by the UE 102 as discussedin the above examples. After the edge server 122 receives the contentfrom the content server 130, the edge server 122 then serves the contentto the UE 102.

In an embodiment, an enabler client 119 on the UE 102 may be used tovalidate the application client 114 when the UE 102 installs theapplication or when the application triggers or accesses services at theedge server 122. The enabler client 119 comprises a checksum or anapplication client attribute such as an application identification orapplication version. If the enabler client 119 comprises the checksum,then the checksum is stored when the application client 114 isinstalled. The enabler client 119 validates the application client 114by comparing the checksum or the application client attribute with thechecksum or the application client attribute from where the UE 102originally downloaded the application. Checking the checksum or theapplication client attribute ensures the validity of the application.Generally, every application instance running on the UE that iscommunicating with the edge server 122 is an approved application. Theenabler client 119 verifies the application comes from the right sourceor whether the application is from an illegitimate subscriber on theedge server or a legitimate subscriber with a corrupt version of theapplication.

In another embodiment, a centralized server may be controlled by an MNOto collect and store from each of the enabler clients of each of the UEsthe checksum and/or the application client attribute of the applicationclient 114. If the UE 102 is running an old version of the applicationclient 114 that has not been updated and the checksum and/or theapplication client attribute is still valid, then the old version isacceptable and follows the validation technique discussed in thisdisclosure. Additionally, a central application key server may becontrolled by an MNO and used to store and track all possibleapplication keys on all edge servers to store the application keys as acentral backup location.

Turning now to FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B, a method 200 is described. In anembodiment, the method 200 is a method for edge network authenticationand access, implemented by an edge server, such as edge server 122. Atblock 202, the method 200 comprises receiving UE information from anapplication client, such as application client 114, executed on UE suchas UE 102, to establish a connection between the edge server and the UE,wherein the UE information includes unique attribute information basedon the UE, and wherein the edge server is located at a local APN.

At block 204, the method 200 comprises verifying whether the UE hasauthorization to the local APN based on the UE information. As discussedabove, this verification may be accomplished when the edge servercompares the identity of the UE with the information on the database.For example, when edge server verifies the UE by comparing identifierssuch as the International Mobile Equipment Identity (IMEI), IMSI,Unified Information Device (UID), and/or the like, with the uniqueattribute information stored on the edge server or elsewhere on thenetwork. At block 206, the method 200 comprises generating a session keywhen the UE has authorization to the local APN, wherein the session keycomprises an application key that validates a connection between theedge server and the UE. The session key, in some embodiments, isgenerated by the edge server, while in other embodiments the session keymay be generated by or in conjunction with other network components suchas a mobility management entity, home subscriber server, or othercomponents of the network. At block 208, the method 200 comprisessending the session key to the UE. At block 210, the method 200comprises receiving a request to access content of an application on acontent server, such as a content server 130, from the UE, wherein therequest comprises encrypted information based on the application key. Atblock 212, the method 200 comprises decrypting the encrypted informationof the request to obtain a key.

At block 214, the method 200 comprises comparing the key to theapplication key previously generated by the edge server and sent to theUE to validate the UE. At block 216, the method 200 comprises verifyinga plurality of identifiers of the UE when the UE is valid. At block 218,the method 200 comprises identifying the application on the contentserver to obtain the content based on the request. At block 220, themethod 200 comprises encrypting and sending a session identifier to theUE based on a new application key. At block 222, the method 200comprises serving the content from the instance of the application onthe content server through to the UE according to the sessionidentifier.

FIG. 3 depicts UE for edge authentication and access 300. At block 302,the UE 300 authenticates that an application client on the UE hasauthorization to a network based on a status of the application client.At block 304, the UE 300 further sends UE information from anapplication client on the UE to an edge server to establish a connectionover the network between the UE and the edge server, wherein the UEinformation includes attribute information based on the UE, and whereinthe edge server is located at a local APN.

At block 306, the UE 300 receives a session key from the edge serverbased on the application client, wherein the session key comprises anapplication key. At block 308, the UE 300 encrypts information in arequest to access content of an instance of the application on a contentserver from the UE, wherein encryption is based on the application key.At block 310, the UE 300 sends the request to the edge server. At block312, the UE 300 receives a session identifier comprising a newapplication key. At block 314, the UE 300 verifies the new applicationkey is valid with the application client. At block 316, the UE 300receives the content of the instance of the application on the contentserver from the edge server according to the session identifier.

Turning now to FIG. 4A, an exemplary communication system 550 isdescribed. In an embodiment, at least parts of the system 100 areimplemented in accordance with the system 550 described with referenceto FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B. Typically the communication system 550 includesa number of access nodes 554 that are configured to provide coverage inwhich UEs 552 such as cell phones, tablet computers,machine-type-communication devices, tracking devices, embedded wirelessmodules, and/or other wirelessly equipped communication devices (whetheror not user operated), can operate. The access nodes 554 may be said toestablish an access network 556. In a 5G technology generation an accessnode 554 may be referred to as a gigabit Node B (gNB). In 4G technology(e.g., long term evolution (LTE) technology) an access node 554 may bereferred to as an enhanced Node B (eNB). In 3G technology (e.g., codedivision multiple access (CDMA) and global system for mobilecommunication (GSM)) an access node 554 may be referred to as a basetransceiver station (BTS) combined with a basic station controller(BSC). In some contexts, the access node 554 may be referred to as acell site or a cell tower. In some implementations, a picocell mayprovide some of the functionality of an access node 554, albeit with aconstrained coverage area. Each of these different embodiments of anaccess node 554 may be considered to provide roughly similar functionsin the different technology generations.

In an embodiment, the access network 556 comprises a first access node554 a, a second access node 554 b, and a third access node 554 c. It isunderstood that the access network 556 may include any number of accessnodes 554. Further, each access node 554 could be coupled with a corenetwork 558 that provides connectivity with various application servers559 and/or transport networks 560, such as the public switched telephonenetwork (PSTN) and/or the Internet for instance. With this arrangement,a UE 552 within coverage of the access network 556 could engage inair-interface communication with an access node 554 and could therebycommunicate via the access node 554 with various application servers andother entities.

The communication system 550 could operate in accordance with aparticular radio access technology (RAT), with communications from anaccess node 554 to UEs 552 defining a downlink or forward link andcommunications from the UEs 552 to the access node 554 defining anuplink or reverse link. Over the years, the industry has developedvarious generations of RATs, in a continuous effort to increaseavailable data rate and quality of service for end users. Thesegenerations have ranged from “1G,” which used simple analog frequencymodulation to facilitate basic voice-call service, to “4G”—such as LongTerm Evolution (LTE), which now facilitates mobile broadband serviceusing technologies such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO).

Recently, the industry has been exploring developments in “5G” andparticularly “5G NR” (5G New Radio), which may use a scalable OFDM airinterface, advanced channel coding, massive MIMO, beamforming, and/orother features, to support higher data rates and countless applications,such as mission-critical services, enhanced mobile broadband, andmassive Internet of Things (IoT). 5G is hoped to provide virtuallyunlimited bandwidth on demand, for example providing access on demand toas much as 10 gigabits per second (gbps) downlink data throughput. Dueto the increased bandwidth associated with 5G, it is expected that thenew networks will serve, in addition to conventional cell phones,general internet service providers for laptops and desktop computers,competing with existing ISPs such as cable internet, and also will makepossible new applications in internet of things (IoT) and machine tomachine areas.

In accordance with the RAT, each access node 554 could provide serviceon one or more radio-frequency (RF) carriers, each of which could befrequency division duplex (FDD), with separate frequency channels fordownlink and uplink communication, or time division duplex (TDD), with asingle frequency channel multiplexed over time between downlink anduplink use. Each such frequency channel could be defined as a specificrange of frequency (e.g., in radio-frequency (RF) spectrum) having abandwidth and a center frequency and thus extending from a low-endfrequency to a high-end frequency. Further, on the downlink and uplinkchannels, the coverage of each access node 554 could define an airinterface configured in a specific manner to define physical resourcesfor carrying information wirelessly between the access node 554 and UEs552.

Without limitation, for instance, the air interface could be dividedover time into frames, subframes, and symbol time segments, and overfrequency into subcarriers that could be modulated to carry data. Theexample air interface could thus define an array of time-frequencyresource elements each being at a respective symbol time segment andsubcarrier, and the subcarrier of each resource element could bemodulated to carry data. Further, in each subframe or other transmissiontime interval (TTI), the resource elements on the downlink and uplinkcould be grouped to define physical resource blocks (PRBs) that theaccess node could allocate as needed to carry data between the accessnode and served UEs 552.

In addition, certain resource elements on the example air interfacecould be reserved for special purposes. For instance, on the downlink,certain resource elements could be reserved to carry synchronizationsignals that UEs 552 could detect as an indication of the presence ofcoverage and to establish frame timing, other resource elements could bereserved to carry a reference signal that UEs 552 could measure in orderto determine coverage strength, and still other resource elements couldbe reserved to carry other control signaling such as PRB-schedulingdirectives and acknowledgement messaging from the access node 554 toserved UEs 552. And on the uplink, certain resource elements could bereserved to carry random access signaling from UEs 552 to the accessnode 554, and other resource elements could be reserved to carry othercontrol signaling such as PRB-scheduling requests and acknowledgementsignaling from UEs 552 to the access node 554.

Turning now to FIG. 4B, further details of the core network 558 aredescribed. In an embodiment, the core network 558 is a 5G core network.5G core network technology is based on a service based architectureparadigm. Rather than constructing the 5G core network as a series ofspecial purpose communication nodes (e.g., an AMF, etc.) running ondedicated server computers, the 5G core network is provided as a set ofservices or network functions. These services or network functions canbe executed on virtual servers in a cloud computing environment whichsupports dynamic scaling and avoidance of long-term capital expenditures(fees for use may substitute for capital expenditures). These networkfunctions can include, for example, a user plane function (UPF) 579, anauthentication server function (AUSF) 574, an access and mobilitymanagement function (AMF) 576, a session management function (SMF) 577,a network exposure function (NEF) 570, a network repository function(NRF) 571, a policy control function (PCF) 572, a unified datamanagement (UDM) 573, and other network functions. The network functionsmay be referred to as virtual network functions (VNFs) in some contexts.

Network functions may be formed by a combination of small pieces ofsoftware called microservices. Some microservices can be re-used incomposing different network functions, thereby leveraging the utility ofsuch microservices. Network functions may offer services to othernetwork functions by extending application programming interfaces (APIs)to those other network functions that call their services via the APIs.The 5G core network 558 may be segregated into a user plane 580 and acontrol plane 582, thereby promoting independent scalability, evolution,and flexible deployment.

The UPF 579 delivers packet processing and links the UE 552, via theaccess network 556, to a data network 590 (e.g., the network 560illustrated in FIG. 4A). The AMF 576 handles registration and connectionmanagement of non-access stratum (NAS) signaling with the UE 552. Saidin other words, the AMF 576 manages UE registration and mobility issues.The AMF 576 manages reachability of the UEs 552 as well as varioussecurity issues. The SMF 577 handles session management issues.Specifically, the SMF 577 creates, updates, and removes (destroys)protocol data unit (PDU) sessions and manages the session context withinthe UPF 579. The SMF 577 decouples other control plane functions fromuser plane functions by performing dynamic host configuration protocol(DHCP) functions and IP address management functions. The AUSF 574facilitates security processes.

The NEF 570 securely exposes the services and capabilities provided bynetwork functions. The NRF 571 supports service registration by networkfunctions and discovery of network functions by other network functions.The PCF 572 supports policy control decisions and flow based chargingcontrol. The UDM 573 manages network user data and can be paired with auser data repository (UDR) that stores user data such as customerprofile information, customer authentication number, and encryption keysfor the information. An application function 592, which may be locatedoutside of the core network 558, exposes the application layer forinteracting with the core network 558. The core network 558 can providea network slice to a subscriber, for example an enterprise customer,that is composed of a plurality of 5G network functions that areconfigured to provide customized communication service for thatsubscriber, for example to provide communication service in accordancewith communication policies defined by the customer.

FIG. 5 illustrates a computer system 600 suitable for implementing oneor more embodiments disclosed herein. For example, in an embodiment, theedge server 122 and the content server 130 described above may beimplemented in a form similar to that of computer system 600. Thecomputer system 600 includes a processor 602 (which may be referred toas a central processor unit or CPU) that is in communication with memorydevices including secondary storage 604, read only memory (ROM) 606,random access memory (RAM) 608, input/output (I/O) devices 610, andnetwork connectivity devices 612. The processor 602 may be implementedas one or more CPU chips.

It is understood that by programming and/or loading executableinstructions onto the computer system 600, at least one of the CPU 602,the RAM 608, and the ROM 606 are changed, transforming the computersystem 600 in part into a particular machine or UE having the novelfunctionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamental to theelectrical engineering and software engineering arts that functionalitythat can be implemented by loading executable software into a computercan be converted to a hardware implementation by well-known designrules. Decisions between implementing a concept in software versushardware typically hinge on considerations of stability of the designand numbers of units to be produced rather than any issues involved intranslating from the software domain to the hardware domain. Generally,a design that is still subject to frequent change may be preferred to beimplemented in software, because re-spinning a hardware implementationis more expensive than re-spinning a software design. Generally, adesign that is stable that will be produced in large volume may bepreferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in an applicationspecific integrated circuit (ASIC), because for large production runsthe hardware implementation may be less expensive than the softwareimplementation. Often a design may be developed and tested in a softwareform and later transformed, by well-known design rules, to an equivalenthardware implementation in an application specific integrated circuitthat hardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as amachine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or UE, likewisea computer that has been programmed and/or loaded with executableinstructions may be viewed as a particular machine or apparatus.

Additionally, after the system 600 is turned on or booted, the CPU 602may execute a computer program or application. For example, the CPU 602may execute software or firmware stored in the ROM 606 or stored in theRAM 608. In some cases, on boot and/or when the application isinitiated, the CPU 602 may copy the application or portions of theapplication from the secondary storage 604 to the RAM 608 or to memoryspace within the CPU 602 itself, and the CPU 602 may then executeinstructions that the application is comprised of. In some cases, theCPU 602 may copy the application or portions of the application frommemory accessed via the network connectivity devices 612 or via the I/Odevices 610 to the RAM 608 or to memory space within the CPU 602, andthe CPU 602 may then execute instructions that the application iscomprised of. During execution, an application may load instructionsinto the CPU 602, for example load some of the instructions of theapplication into a cache of the CPU 602. In some contexts, anapplication that is executed may be said to configure the CPU 602 to dosomething, e.g., to configure the CPU 602 to perform the function orfunctions promoted by the subject application. When the CPU 602 isconfigured in this way by the application, the CPU 602 becomes aspecific purpose computer or a specific purpose machine.

The secondary storage 604 is typically comprised of one or more diskdrives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data andas an over-flow data storage device if RAM 608 is not large enough tohold all working data. Secondary storage 604 may be used to storeprograms which are loaded into RAM 608 when such programs are selectedfor execution. The ROM 606 is used to store instructions and perhapsdata which are read during program execution. ROM 606 is a non-volatilememory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative tothe larger memory capacity of secondary storage 604. The RAM 608 is usedto store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to bothROM 606 and RAM 608 is typically faster than to secondary storage 604.The secondary storage 604, the RAM 608, and/or the ROM 606 may bereferred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/ornon-transitory computer readable media.

I/O devices 610 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystaldisplays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches,dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tapereaders, or other well-known input devices.

It is understood that by programming and/or loading executableinstructions onto the computer system 600, at least one of the CPU 602,the RAM 608, and the ROM 606 are changed, transforming the computersystem 600 in part into a particular machine or apparatus having thenovel functionality taught by the present disclosure. It is fundamentalto the electrical engineering and software engineering arts thatfunctionality that can be implemented by loading executable softwareinto a computer can be converted to a hardware implementation bywell-known design rules. Decisions between implementing a concept insoftware versus hardware typically hinge on considerations of stabilityof the design and numbers of units to be produced rather than any issuesinvolved in translating from the software domain to the hardware domain.Generally, a design that is still subject to frequent change may bepreferred to be implemented in software, because re-spinning a hardwareimplementation is more expensive than re-spinning a software design.Generally, a design that is stable that will be produced in large volumemay be preferred to be implemented in hardware, for example in anapplication specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a field programmablegate array (FPGA), because for large production runs the hardwareimplementation may be less expensive than the software implementation.Often a design may be developed and tested in a software form and latertransformed, by well-known design rules, to an equivalent hardwareimplementation in an application specific integrated circuit thathardwires the instructions of the software. In the same manner as amachine controlled by a new ASIC is a particular machine or apparatus,likewise a computer that has been programmed and/or loaded withexecutable instructions may be viewed as a particular machine orapparatus.

Additionally, after the system 600 is turned on or booted, the CPU 602may execute a computer program or application. For example, the CPU 602may execute software or firmware stored in the ROM 606 or stored in theRAM 608. In some cases, on boot and/or when the application isinitiated, the CPU 602 may copy the application or portions of theapplication from the secondary storage 604 to the RAM 608 or to memoryspace within the CPU 602 itself, and the CPU 602 may then executeinstructions that the application is comprised of. In some cases, theCPU 602 may copy the application or portions of the application frommemory accessed via the network connectivity devices 612 or via the I/Odevices 610 to the RAM 608 or to memory space within the CPU 602, andthe CPU 602 may then execute instructions that the application iscomprised of. During execution, an application may load instructionsinto the CPU 602, for example load some of the instructions of theapplication into a cache of the CPU 602. In some contexts, anapplication that is executed may be said to configure the CPU 602 to dosomething, e.g., to configure the CPU 602 to perform the function orfunctions promoted by the subject application. When the CPU 602 isconfigured in this way by the application, the CPU 602 becomes aspecific purpose computer or a specific purpose machine.

The secondary storage 604 is typically comprised of one or more diskdrives or tape drives and is used for non-volatile storage of data andas an over-flow data storage device if RAM 608 is not large enough tohold all working data. Secondary storage 604 may be used to storeprograms which are loaded into RAM 608 when such programs are selectedfor execution. The ROM 606 is used to store instructions and perhapsdata which are read during program execution. ROM 606 is a non-volatilememory device which typically has a small memory capacity relative tothe larger memory capacity of secondary storage 604. The RAM 608 is usedto store volatile data and perhaps to store instructions. Access to bothROM 606 and RAM 608 is typically faster than to secondary storage 604.The secondary storage 604, the RAM 608, and/or the ROM 606 may bereferred to in some contexts as computer readable storage media and/ornon-transitory computer readable media.

I/O devices 610 may include printers, video monitors, liquid crystaldisplays (LCDs), touch screen displays, keyboards, keypads, switches,dials, mice, track balls, voice recognizers, card readers, paper tapereaders, or other well-known input devices.

The network connectivity devices 612 may take the form of modems, modembanks, Ethernet cards, Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface cards,serial interfaces, token ring cards, fiber distributed data interface(FDDI) cards, wireless local area network (WLAN) cards, radiotransceiver cards, and/or other well-known network devices. The networkconnectivity devices 612 may provide wired communication links and/orwireless communication links (e.g., a first network connectivity device612 may provide a wired communication link and a second networkconnectivity device 612 may provide a wireless communication link).Wired communication links may be provided in accordance with Ethernet(IEEE 802.3), Internet protocol (IP), time division multiplex (TDM),data over cable service interface specification (DOCSIS), wavelengthdivision multiplexing (WDM), and/or the like. In an embodiment, theradio transceiver cards may provide wireless communication links usingprotocols such as code division multiple access (CDMA), Global Systemfor Mobile Communications (GSM), LTE, WI-FI (IEEE 802.11), BLUETOOTH,ZIGBEE, narrowband Internet of things (NB IoT), near fieldcommunications (NFC), and radio frequency identity (RFID). The radiotransceiver cards may promote radio communications using 5G, 5G NewRadio, or 5G LTE radio communication protocols. These networkconnectivity devices 612 may enable the processor 602 to communicatewith the Internet or one or more intranets. With such a networkconnection, it is contemplated that the processor 602 might receiveinformation from the network, or might output information to the networkin the course of performing the above-described method steps. Suchinformation, which is often represented as a sequence of instructions tobe executed using processor 602, may be received from and outputted tothe network, for example, in the form of a computer data signal embodiedin a carrier wave.

Such information, which may include data or instructions to be executedusing processor 602 for example, may be received from and outputted tothe network, for example, in the form of a computer data baseband signalor signal embodied in a carrier wave. The baseband signal or signalembedded in the carrier wave, or other types of signals currently usedor hereafter developed, may be generated according to several methodswell-known to one skilled in the art. The baseband signal and/or signalembedded in the carrier wave may be referred to in some contexts as atransitory signal.

The processor 602 executes instructions, codes, computer programs,scripts which it accesses from hard disk, floppy disk, optical disk(these various disk based systems may all be considered secondarystorage 604), flash drive, ROM 606, RAM 608, or the network connectivitydevices 612. While only one processor 602 is shown, multiple processorsmay be present. Thus, while instructions may be discussed as executed bya processor, the instructions may be executed simultaneously, serially,or otherwise executed by one or multiple processors. Instructions,codes, computer programs, scripts, and/or data that may be accessed fromthe secondary storage 604, for example, hard drives, floppy disks,optical disks, and/or other device, the ROM 606, and/or the RAM 608 maybe referred to in some contexts as non-transitory instructions and/ornon-transitory information.

In an embodiment, the computer system 600 may comprise two or morecomputers in communication with each other that collaborate to perform atask. For example, but not by way of limitation, an application may bepartitioned in such a way as to permit concurrent and/or parallelprocessing of the instructions of the application. Alternatively, thedata processed by the application may be partitioned in such a way as topermit concurrent and/or parallel processing of different portions of adata set by the two or more computers. In an embodiment, virtualizationsoftware may be employed by the computer system 600 to provide thefunctionality of a number of servers that is not directly bound to thenumber of computers in the computer system 600. For example,virtualization software may provide twenty virtual servers on fourphysical computers. In an embodiment, the functionality disclosed abovemay be provided by executing the application and/or applications in acloud computing environment. Cloud computing may comprise providingcomputing services via a network connection using dynamically scalablecomputing resources. Cloud computing may be supported, at least in part,by virtualization software. A cloud computing environment may beestablished by an enterprise and/or may be hired on an as-needed basisfrom a third party provider. Some cloud computing environments maycomprise cloud computing resources owned and operated by the enterpriseas well as cloud computing resources hired and/or leased from a thirdparty provider.

In an embodiment, some or all of the functionality disclosed above maybe provided as a computer program product. The computer program productmay comprise one or more computer readable storage medium havingcomputer usable program code embodied therein to implement thefunctionality disclosed above. The computer program product may comprisedata structures, executable instructions, and other computer usableprogram code. The computer program product may be embodied in removablecomputer storage media and/or non-removable computer storage media. Theremovable computer readable storage medium may comprise, withoutlimitation, a paper tape, a magnetic tape, magnetic disk, an opticaldisk, a solid state memory chip, for example analog magnetic tape,compact disk read only memory (CD-ROM) disks, floppy disks, jump drives,digital cards, multimedia cards, and others. The computer programproduct may be suitable for loading, by the computer system 600, atleast portions of the contents of the computer program product to thesecondary storage 604, to the ROM 606, to the RAM 608, and/or to othernon-volatile memory and volatile memory of the computer system 600. Theprocessor 602 may process the executable instructions and/or datastructures in part by directly accessing the computer program product,for example by reading from a CD-ROM disk inserted into a disk driveperipheral of the computer system 600. Alternatively, the processor 602may process the executable instructions and/or data structures byremotely accessing the computer program product, for example bydownloading the executable instructions and/or data structures from aremote server through the network connectivity devices 612. The computerprogram product may comprise instructions that promote the loadingand/or copying of data, data structures, files, and/or executableinstructions to the secondary storage 604, to the ROM 606, to the RAM608, and/or to other non-volatile memory and volatile memory of thecomputer system 600.

In some contexts, the secondary storage 604, the ROM 606, and the RAM608 may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readable medium or acomputer readable storage media. A dynamic RAM embodiment of the RAM608, likewise, may be referred to as a non-transitory computer readablemedium in that while the dynamic RAM receives electrical power and isoperated in accordance with its design, for example during a period oftime during which the computer system 600 is turned on and operational,the dynamic RAM stores information that is written to it. Similarly, theprocessor 602 may comprise an internal RAM, an internal ROM, a cachememory, and/or other internal non-transitory storage blocks, sections,or components that may be referred to in some contexts as non-transitorycomputer readable media or computer readable storage media.

While several embodiments have been provided in the present disclosure,it should be understood that the disclosed systems and methods may beembodied in many other specific forms without departing from the spiritor scope of the present disclosure. The present examples are to beconsidered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the intention is notto be limited to the details given herein. For example, the variouselements or components may be combined or integrated in another systemor certain features may be omitted or not implemented.

Also, techniques, systems, subsystems, and methods described andillustrated in the various embodiments as discrete or separate may becombined or integrated with other systems, modules, techniques, ormethods without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.Other items shown or discussed as directly coupled or communicating witheach other may be indirectly coupled or communicating through someinterface, device, or intermediate component, whether electrically,mechanically, or otherwise. Other examples of changes, substitutions,and alterations are ascertainable by one skilled in the art and could bemade without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for edge network authentication andaccess, implemented by an edge server, comprising: receiving userequipment (UE) information from an application client executed on a UEto establish a connection between the edge server and the UE, whereinthe edge server is located at a local access point name (APN); verifyingwhether the UE has authorization to the local APN based on the UEinformation; generating a session key when the UE has authorization tothe local APN, wherein the session key enables access to a radio accessnetwork, and wherein the session key comprises an application key thatvalidates the connection between the edge server and the UE and enablesthe UE to access content from an application on a content server;sending the session key to the UE; receiving a request to access contentof an application on the content server from the UE, wherein the requestcomprises a key; authenticating the UE based on determining that the keymatches the application key; and in response to authenticating the UE,serving the content from an instance of the application on the contentserver to the UE according to the session identifier.
 2. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the information in the request comprises encryptedinformation, and wherein authenticating the UE comprises decrypting theencrypted information of the request to obtain the key.
 3. The method ofclaim 2, wherein the UE information is based on a user data management(UDM) instance.
 4. The method of claim 1, where in the application keyis a security token.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein generating thesession key when the UE has authorization to the local APN furthercomprises generating the application key based on core access andmobility management function (AMF).
 6. The method of claim 1, whereinthe UE information comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) address of theUE, and wherein the request is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure(HTTPS) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) comprising an IP address.
 7. Themethod of claim 6, wherein verifying the identifiers of the UE furthercomprising verifying the IP address from the request with the IP addressfrom the UE.
 8. An edge server, comprising: at least one processor; anon-transitory memory; and an edge server application stored in thenon-transitory memory that, when executed by the at least one processor:receives user equipment (UE) information from an application client on aUE to establish a connection between the edge server and the UE, whereinthe edge server is located at a local access point name (APN); verifieswhether the UE has authorization to the local APN based on the UEinformation; generates a session key when the UE has authorization tothe local APN, wherein the session key enables access to a radio accessnetwork, and wherein the session key comprises an application key thatvalidates the connection between the edge server and the UE and enablesthe UE to access content from an application on a content server; sendsthe session key to the UE; receives a request to access content of anapplication on the content server from the UE, wherein the requestcomprises a key; authenticates the UE based on determining that the keymatches the application key; and in response to authenticating the UE,serves the content from an instance of the application on the contentserver to the UE according to the session identifier.
 9. The edge serverof claim 8, wherein the edge server application further receives the UEinformation from a plurality of application clients, and wherein theapplication key applies to each of the application clients.
 10. The edgeserver of claim 9, wherein the UE information is based on a user datamanagement (UDM) instance.
 11. The edge server of claim 8, wherein theapplication key is a security token.
 12. The edge server of claim 8,wherein the edge server application further generates the session keywhen the UE has authorization to the local APN, further cause theprocessor to be configured to generate the application key based on coreaccess and mobility management function (AMF).
 13. The edge server ofclaim 8, wherein the UE information comprises an Internet Protocol (IP)address of the UE, and wherein the request is a Hypertext TransferProtocol Secure (HTTPS) Uniform Resource Locator (URL) comprising an IPaddress.
 14. The edge server of claim 13, wherein the edge serverapplication further verifies the identifiers of the UE, further causethe processor to be configured to verify the IP address from the requestwith the IP address from the UE.
 15. User equipment (UE) for edgeauthentication and access, comprising: a processor; and a non-transitorycomprising instructions that, when executed by the processor: validatesan application client on the UE; sends UE information from theapplication client on the UE to an edge server to establish a connectionover the network between the UE and the edge server, wherein the edgeserver is located at a local access point name (APN); receives a sessionkey from the edge server based on the application client, wherein thesession key enables access to a radio access network, and wherein thesession key comprises an application key that enables the UE to accesscontent from an application on a content server; sends a request to theedge server to access content of an instance of the application on thecontent server, the request comprising a key, wherein the key iscompared to the application key by the edge server in order toauthenticate the UE; and in response to authentication of the UE,receives the content of the instance of the application on the contentserver from the edge server according to the session identifier.
 16. TheUE of claim 15, wherein the network is a 3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) network.
 17. The UE of claim 15, wherein the status is aversion of the application client.
 18. The UE of claim 15, wherein theapplication key is a security token.
 19. The UE of claim 15, wherein theUE information comprises an Internet Protocol (IP) address of the UE,and wherein the request is a Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)Uniform Resource Locator (URL) comprising the IP address.
 20. The UE ofclaim 15, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processor,encrypt the request prior to sending the request to the edge server.